carptim Latin · revision 34591

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86–34 BC, Sallust|origins=ine-pro *kerp-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkarp.tĩː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkarp.tim]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''carptim''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|carpō|-tim|t1=to pluck]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan derives [[m|la|carpō]] from [[itc-pro|*karp-]] and [[ine-pro|*kerp-|t=to pick, pluck]],^(de Vaan 2008) cognate with [[grc|καρπός|tr=karpós|t=fruit]] and [[lt|kir̃pti|t=to chop, cut]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short note that it is very rare before Augustus and absent from Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Sallust says he decided to write the history of the Roman people ''carptim'', in selected parts, as each event seemed worth recording.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means in separate pieces or parts, as Columella's honeycombs gathered piece by piece and Suetonius' land divided into small plots.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Livy uses it of attacks made here and there, as the Carthaginians fought in scattered skirmishes, and of people coming at different times rather than all together;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Tacitus has soldiers dismissed one by one.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder uses it of ravens taking in their voice intermittently,^(OLD 2012) and Pliny the Younger of speaking selectively, by main points.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Grammarians and glossaries explain it as “scattered”, picked out one by one.^(TLL) In medieval British Latin it means disconnectedly or selectively: Aldhelm says he gathered a few examples ''carptim et cursim'', “piecemeal and hastily”.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of writing history in selected parts.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of scattered attacks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of gathering honeycombs piece by piece.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus has soldiers dismissed one by one.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 639–709 AD – Aldhelm gathers examples piecemeal.^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In separate parts, [[m|en|piecemeal]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|selectively|alt=Selectively]], by main points.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Here and there, in scattered attacks.^(OLD 2012)

+ # From time to time, [[m|en|intermittently]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}