damnatus Latin · revision 34586

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *dh₂p-no-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [damˈnaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [damˈnaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''damnātus''' (feminine damnāta, neuter damnātum, comparative damnātior); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle [[der|la|damnō|t=to condemn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) That verb comes from [[m|la|damnum|t=loss, penalty]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*dapno-]] and [[ine-pro|*dh₂p-no-|t=expense, investment]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero uses the comparative in his speech against Piso: ''quis te miserior? quis te damnatior?'', “who is more wretched than you, who more clearly condemned?”^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Besides “condemned, found guilty”, it came to mean reprobate or criminal, as in Cicero's line and in Publilius Syrus, and in poetry hateful or wretched: Propertius speaks of condemned hands and of hateful nights.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Petronius has it of a depraved woman, and Silius of an accursed sight.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ It also came to mean damned.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the comparative in the sense “more clearly condemned”.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century BC – Publilius Syrus uses it of a condemned man.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of hateful nights.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it of a depraved woman.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 639–709 AD – Aldhelm uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|condemned|alt=Condemned]], found guilty.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|reprobate|alt=Reprobate]], [[m|en|criminal]], depraved.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(poetic)'' Hateful, [[m|en|wretched]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|damned|alt=Damned]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The MLW records a rare medieval fourth-declension noun ''damnatus'' meaning “guilt”.^(MLW)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}