elanguesco Latin · revision 34582

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la langueō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [eː.ɫaŋˈɡʷeːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [e.laŋˈɡʷɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ēlanguēscō''' (present infinitive ēlanguēscere, perfect active ēlangŭī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ Valerius Flaccus scans the perfect ''elangŭit'' with a short ⟨u⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ē-|languēscō|t2=to grow weak]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The base is the inchoative of [[m|la|langueō|t=to be faint]],^(de Vaan 2008) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*(s)lā̆ng-u-]], an adjective meaning “faint, weak”, a nasalised variant of the root of [[m|la|laxus|t=loose]].^(de Vaan 2008) His Indo-European reconstruction, [[ine-pro|*sl-n-ǵ-u-|t=weak, faint]], carries a question mark.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL's earliest instance is a fragment of Varro, quoted by Nonius, in which the common good of a state grows weak through the discord of its citizens.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Livy uses it of people who lose their vigour and of an undertaking that slackens through delay: ''differendo … elanguit res'', “by putting it off, the matter lost its force”.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Velleius uses it of an enemy's strength, Tacitus of soldiers worn out by expense and idleness, and Celsus of the pulse.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Florus and the ''De viris illustribus'' say that Hannibal grew slack.^(TLL)

+

+ In the Vulgate all the inhabitants of the land “grow faint”, and Gregory the Great uses it of the prophet Daniel's illness.^(TLL) Ecclesiastical Latin keeps the sense “grow weak or faint”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro, in a fragment, uses it of the common good of a state.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of people and of an undertaking slackening through delay.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 20 BC–30 AD – Velleius uses it of an enemy's strength.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of the pulse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of soldiers grown slack.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of a people losing heart.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To grow [[m|en|faint]] or [[m|en|feeble]], lose vigour, [[m|en|flag]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # (of feelings and activities) To become less intense, [[m|en|slacken]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[langueō]]

+ * [[languor]]

+ * [[languidus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis and Short call the word post-Augustan,^(Lewis & Short 1879) but the TLL cites a fragment of Varro.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}