excusatus Latin · revision 34581

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 55 BC–40 AD, Seneca the Elder|origins=la causa}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''excūsātus''' (feminine excūsāta, neuter excūsātum, comparative excūsātior, superlative excūsātissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle [[der|la|excūsō|t=to excuse, justify]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan lists that verb among the derivatives of [[m|la|causa|t=cause, case]], formed with [[m|la|ex-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Seneca the Elder has the comparative: ''excusatius est'', “it is more excusable”, with an infinitive.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adjective it describes a person or action held to be free from blame, or one that admits of excuse.^(OLD 2012) Seneca has the superlative ''excusatissimus essem'', “I would be fully excused”.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In medieval Latin, also spelled ''scusatus'', it became a noun for a person who had left his master and put himself under the protection of another lord, and for a person exempt from public charges and bound only to manorial duties.^(Niermeyer 1976) Köbler finds it in the capitularies and in a diploma of 787.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 55 BC–40 AD – Seneca the Elder uses the comparative ''excusatius''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses the superlative ''excusatissimus''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 787 – A diploma has the word.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # (of a person or action) [[m|en|excused]], held free from [[m|en|blame]]; [[m|en|excusable]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A man who had left his lord and put himself under another's protection.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A person exempt from public charges and liable only to [[m|en|manorial]] duties.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[excūsātiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}