funesto Latin · revision 34579

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la fūnus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fuːˈnɛs.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [fuˈnɛs.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fūnestō''' (present infinitive fūnestāre, perfect active fūnestāvī, supine fūnestātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|fūnestus|-ō|t1=deadly, defiled by death]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) De Vaan lists the adjective among the derivatives of [[m|la|fūnus|t=funeral, death]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Cicero's speeches, of altars and temples polluted with human victims,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) and in Catullus, where a curse asks that Theseus, in the same mind in which he abandoned the speaker, may bring death on himself and his family: ''funestet seque suosque''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero uses it of the senate house polluted by violence and of an assembly defiled by the touch of the executioner,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) and once of filling the Lemnian rock with the cries of Philoctetes, “making it mournful”.^(OLD 2012) After Augustus it is used more generally of disgracing or dishonouring: Juvenal has it of a family shamed by a poisoner's statue, and Paulus' ''Sententiae'' forbid a corpse to be brought into the city “so that its rites are not polluted”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ Servius explains it as being made impure by a death,^(TLL) and the glossaries give ''polluere'' and ''cruentare'' as its equivalents.^(TLL) Christian writers such as Rufinus and Augustine use it of pollution by sacrilege and crime.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of altars and temples polluted with human victims.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of bringing death on a family.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal uses it of disgracing a family.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st half of the 3rd century AD – Paulus uses it of rites polluted by a corpse.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 400 AD – Servius explains it as being polluted by a death.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|pollute]] or defile by [[m|en|murder]] or death; to stain with blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+ # To make [[m|en|funereal]] or mournful.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bring death upon, [[m|en|doom]].^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|dishonour]], disgrace.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fūnus]]

+ * [[fūnestus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}