montuosus Latin · revision 34576

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *mon-ti-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [mɔn.tuˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [mon.tuˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''montuōsus''' (feminine montuōsa, neuter montuōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ The contracted form ''montōsus'' is used in dactylic verse from Virgil on.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|mōns|-ōsus|t1=mountain|t2=full of]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The ending ⟨-uōsus⟩ was taken from adjectives such as [[m|la|virtuōsus]],^(Wiktionary) and the TLL compares [[m|la|saltuōsus|t=wooded]].^(TLL) The noun [[m|la|mōns]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*monti-]] and [[ine-pro|*mon-ti-|t=protrusion, height]];^(de Vaan 2008) its cognates include [[cy|mynydd|t=mountain]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero has it first,^(Köbler 2010) asking whether places are flat or mountainous.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Caesar describes rough and mountainous country with it,^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) and Pliny the Elder uses it of provinces and, as a neuter plural noun, of the mountainous parts of Pamphylia and Cilicia.^(OLD 2012) Pliny also calls a tree that grows in the mountains ''montuosa''.^(OLD 2012) In verse Virgil uses the shorter ''montosus''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ Medieval British writers use it of hilly country, such as the steep road from Jaffa to Jerusalem, and in a transferred sense of things of mountainous size, such as whales.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of mountainous places.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of rough country.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses the form ''montosus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of mountain plants and of mountainous regions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1251 – An English inquisition describes land as ''montuosa''.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|mountainous|alt=Mountainous]], [[m|en|hilly]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(DMLBS) (neuter plural as a noun) mountainous regions.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(DMLBS)

+ # (of plants) Growing in the mountains.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Of mountainous size.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[montānus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}