presse Latin · revision 34574

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *pr-es-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pressē''' (comparative pressius, superlative pressissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|pressus#1|-ē|t1=pressed; concise]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The adjective is the participle of [[m|la|premō|t=to press]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) which goes back to [[itc-pro|*pres-]] and [[ine-pro|*pr-es-|t=to press]].^(de Vaan 2008) The verb's cognates include [[lt|per̃ti|t=to beat, lash]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero has it first,^(Köbler 2010) of style and of argument: he speaks of orators who speak plainly and concisely, ''attenuate presseque'', as against those who speak loftily and fully.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero also uses the comparative of a philosopher who comes to close grips with a point and of defining things more exactly.^(OLD 2012) Quintilian contrasts speaking fully or concisely, and Pliny the Younger writes of things he set down more concisely.^(OLD 2012) The physical sense “with firm pressure” appears in Seneca's tragedies and in Scribonius Largus' prescriptions for rubbing in medicines, and Seneca also uses it of shaving the lips closely.^(OLD 2012) Gellius uses it of being pressed tightly.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In medieval British sources it means “firmly”, of a grip or an imprint, and “closely, attentively”, of perception;^(DMLBS) William of Malmesbury says he studied physics more closely than logic.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a concise style and of close argument.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of standing firmly and of shaving closely.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian contrasts speaking fully and concisely.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of being pressed tightly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # With firm [[m|en|pressure]], [[m|en|firmly]]; closely.^(OLD 2012)^(DMLBS)

+ # (of sounds) Strongly, [[m|en|emphatically]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of argument) At close grips, with close attention; [[m|en|precisely]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In a [[m|en|concise]] or restrained style.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pressus#1]]

+ * [[premō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}