eructo Latin · revision 34568

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *h₁reuǵ-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [eːˈruːk.toː], [eːˈrʊk.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eˈruk.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ērū̆ctō''' (present infinitive ērū̆ctāre, perfect active ērū̆ctāvī, supine ērū̆ctātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The TLL also records the spelling ''ēructuō'' and deponent forms.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|ērūgō|t=to belch]], with the frequentative suffix [[m|la|-tō]], as the OLD analyses it;^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary allows either that or a compound of [[m|la|ē-]] and [[m|la|ructō|t=to belch]], both from the same root.^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of the verb ⟨-rūgō⟩, which goes back to [[itc-pro|*roug-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁reuǵ-e/o-|t=to belch]].^(de Vaan 2008) Paul's epitome of Festus, as the TLL reports, made it the frequentative of ⟨ērūgere⟩: that verb meant a single belch, this one repeated belching.^(TLL)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|ἐρεύγομαι|tr=ereúgomai|t=to belch out, vomit]], [[lt|ráugėti|t=to belch]] and [[ang|rocettan|t=to belch]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan records it from Varro on,^(de Vaan 2008) who speaks of thin nozzles that spout water, ''quae ēructent aquam''.^(OLD 2012) Cicero, in the same period, uses it of belching, and figuratively of drunken men who “belch out” the slaughter of good citizens in their talk.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of people and animals it means to bring up food or drink noisily: Virgil has ''saniem ēructāns'', vomiting gore and morsels mixed with wine, and Pliny the Elder uses it of a sea monster spouting a flood.^(OLD 2012) More often it is used of natural forces that throw something up violently: Lucretius has Tartarus belching heat from its jaws, Virgil has Etna hurling up rocks and a whirlpool spewing sand.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It could also mean simply to emit or exhale, of a smell or of fumes.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to utter or pour forth words, as in the Vulgate's Gospel of Matthew and Psalms,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and also to declare or publish.^(Stelten 1995) English ''eructate'' was formed in the 1630s from its past participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of nozzles spouting water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius has Tartarus belching heat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of belching and of drunken talk.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of vomiting and of Etna.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it for uttering words.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1630s – English forms ''eructate'' from its past participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|belch]] out, bring up noisily (food or drink); to [[m|en|vomit]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To belch out (something) in drunken talk.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of natural forces, to throw up or [[m|en|discharge]] violently.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To emit, [[m|en|exhale]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To [[m|en|utter]], pour forth; to declare, publish.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ructō]]

+ * [[ructus]]

+ * [[en|eructate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}