fumidus Latin · revision 34567

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *dʰuh₂-mó-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfuː.mɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfuː.mi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fūmidus''' (feminine fūmida, neuter fūmidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|fūmus|-idus|t1=smoke]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|fūmus]] to [[itc-pro|*fūmo-]] and [[ine-pro|*dʰuh₂-mó-|t=smoke, fume]]; the long vowel is not what that preform would regularly give, and Schrijver explains it by analogy with [[m|la|fūlīgō|t=soot]] and [[m|la|suffiō|t=to fumigate]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ The noun is cognate with [[sa|धूम|tr=dhūmá-|t=smoke, fume]], [[grc|θυμός|tr=thūmós|t=spirit]] and [[lt|dū́mai|t=smoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lucretius has it first,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) of a smoky torch, ''fax … fūmida'', which Georges takes figuratively, of the torch of anger.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Virgil uses it of a pine torch that gives a pitchy light and of a boiling cauldron, ''fūmidus amnis'', a steaming stream.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ovid has smoking altars and smoky roofs, and Pliny the Elder applies it to light, mist and a whirlwind.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Pliny also uses it of colour, for smoky stones such as some chrysolites and topazes, and of taste, for a resin with a smoky tang.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In medieval British sources it means smoky, full of smoke, or blackened with soot, and glossaries explain it by [[fūmōsus|alt=fūmōsa]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a smoky torch.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a torch and of a steaming stream.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid has smoking altars.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of smoke-coloured stones and a smoky taste.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|smoky|alt=Smoky]], smoking; full of smoke.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|steaming|alt=Steaming]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Smoke-coloured.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Tasting or smelling of smoke.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Blackened with [[m|en|soot]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fūmus]]

+ * [[fūmōsus]]

+ * [[fūmō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}