irruptio Latin · revision 34566

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *Hru-n-p-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''irruptiō''' ''f'' (genitive irruptiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also written ''inruptiō''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|irrumpō|-tiō|t1=to burst in]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) That verb is a compound of [[m|la|in-|t=into]] and [[m|la|rumpō|t=to break, burst]],^(Etymonline) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*ru-n-p-]] and [[ine-pro|*Hru-n-p-|t=to break]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler record it first in Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in the prologue of the ''Poenulus'': ''in popīnam, pedisequī, irruptiōnem facite'', “attendants, make a raid on the cookshop”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its general sense is a bursting in, used of wild beasts by Pliny the Younger and of natural forces by Seneca, who writes that water will burst in from every side.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) As a military term it means an assault on a position or an incursion into enemy land: Cicero speaks of the fear of enemy forces nearby even if no incursion has been made, Livy of soldiers who could not withstand the first assault, and Tacitus of a raid into the land of the Chatti.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Jerome and Augustine still use it of invasions.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Medieval British writers use it of floods, assaults and invasions; in 1358 a monastery complains of the sudden inrush of water from its fishponds.^(DMLBS) English took it as ''irruption'' in the 1570s, from French or directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a raid on a cookshop.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a military incursion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of an assault.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of water bursting in.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it of the invasion of the Gauls.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1358 – A British source uses it of a flood.^(DMLBS)

+ * 1570s – English borrows it as ''irruption''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A bursting in, violent or forcible [[m|en|entry]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of natural forces, an [[m|en|inrush]], a sudden flood.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(military)'' An [[m|en|assault]] on a position; an [[m|en|incursion]], raid, invasion.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[irrumpo]]

+ * [[ēruptiō]]

+ * [[en|irruption]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}