lancino Latin · revision 34565

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=81/79–52/50 BC, Catullus|origins=ine-pro *lh₂-n-k-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɫaŋ.kɪ.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈlan̠ʲ.t͡ʃi.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lancinō''' (present infinitive lancināre, perfect active lancināvī, supine lancinātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD and the TLL compare [[m|la|lacer|t=torn]] and [[m|la|lacinia|t=flap of a garment]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan's explanation is that it is [[der|itc-pro|*lank-|t=to tear]], a present stem from [[ine-pro|*lh₂-n-k-|t=to tear]], blended with a nasal stem [[m|itc-pro|*lak-e/on-]].^(de Vaan 2008) Such stems sometimes gave verbs in ⟨-ināre⟩, and in his view lacinia must come from the same stem.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|λακίς|tr=lakís|t=rent; tatters]] and [[m|grc|λακίζω|tr=lakízō|t=to tear]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Catullus has it first,^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) figuratively, of a squandered inheritance: ''paterna prīma lancināta sunt bona'', “first his father's property was torn to pieces”.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The TLL finds it from Catullus on, then in the elder Seneca, Celsus, and Seneca's tragedies and prose.^(TLL) Seneca uses it of men torn apart in anger, Pliny the Elder of animals mangling with their bite, and also of the many bays that cut into the coast of the Peloponnese.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Seneca also warns against splitting life into fragments, ''lancināre'' it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Tertullian makes a pun on it, of infants who could spear before they could chew.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Glossaries explain it as tearing again and again, and the TLL notes that it is kept apart from [[laniō]] and [[lacerō]], with which manuscripts often confuse it.^(TLL) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to mangle.^(Stelten 1995) English ''lancinate'' was formed from its past participle around 1600.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of squandered property.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of tearing people apart and of splitting up life.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a bite and of an indented coast.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian puns on it.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1600 – English forms ''lancinate'' from its past participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To tear to pieces, [[m|en|mangle]], [[m|en|lacerate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|squander]] (property); to break up, fritter away (one's life).^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Of bays, to cut into, [[m|en|indent]] (a coast).^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lancinātiō]]

+ * [[lancinator]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lacer]]

+ * [[lacinia]]

+ * [[laniō]]

+ * [[lacerō]]

+ * [[en|lancinate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}