negotiosus Latin · revision 34561

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la negōtium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [nɛ.ɡoː.tiˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ne.ɡot.t͡siˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''negōtiōsus''' (feminine negōtiōsa, neuter negōtiōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus' ''Stichus'' has the spelling ''negōtiossus''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ Later manuscripts sometimes write ''negōc-''.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|negōtium|-ōsus|t1=business]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reports Benveniste's view that [[m|la|negōtium]] was from the start a compound of ⟨nec⟩ “not” and [[m|la|ōtium|t=leisure]], meaning “non-leisure”, perhaps modelled on [[grc|ἀσχολία|tr=askholía|t=lack of leisure; occupation]]; the word for leisure itself has no known etymology.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) first in the ''Mercator'': ''negōtiōsī erāmus nōs nostrīs negōtiīs'', “we were busy with our own business”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the ''Stichus'' a character who says he will knock the cobwebs off the doors gets the reply ''edepol rem negōtiōsam!'', “a laborious job indeed!”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Plautus also uses it humorously, of not wanting a “busy” back, that is one kept busy with a beating.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Cicero calls a province not so much popular as laborious and troublesome, and Sallust writes that the wisest men were the busiest.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tacitus uses the plural as a noun for men of business and contrasts ''negōtiōsī diēs'', working days, with sacred days;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Celsus uses it of business activity.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Augustine has a superlative, of a very busy man.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Medieval British writers keep the senses busy and laborious;^(DMLBS) Peter of Blois calls a scholar's work ''ōtium negōtiōsum'', a busy leisure.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of busy people and a laborious task.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero calls a province laborious.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust writes that the wisest were the busiest.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus speaks of working days.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses the superlative.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of people, [[m|en|busy]], occupied, active;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) ''(plural, as a noun)'' men of business.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Of tasks, [[m|en|laborious]], troublesome.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of or for business; of days, working.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[negōtiōsitās]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[negōtiālis]]

+ * [[negōtiāns]]

+ * [[negōtiātiō]]

+ * [[negōtiātor]]

+ * [[negōtiolum]]

+ * [[negōtior]]

+ * [[negōtium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}