conquasso Latin · revision 34556

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la quatiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔŋˈkʷas.soː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [koŋˈkʷas.so]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''conquassō''' (present infinitive conquassāre, perfect active conquassāvī, supine conquassātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|quassō|t2=to shake repeatedly]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|quassō]] is formed from [[m|la|quatiō|t=to shake]],^(de Vaan 2008) for which de Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*kwat-i-]]; he compares [[goh|scutten|t=to shake]] and allows that it may be of non-Indo-European origin.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan records it from Cato on,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it in his farming manual of breaking a vessel: ''sīve calix erit, conquassātō'', “or if it is a pot, smash it”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short find it several times in Lucretius and Cicero, very rarely elsewhere, and after Cicero only in Late Latin.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius uses it of a body shattered by some blow and of mind and soul shaken, Cicero of Apulia shaken by great earthquakes.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero also uses it politically, of foreign nations unsettled by the madness of a year and of a shaken state, and Sulpicius writes in a letter to Cicero that all the provinces have been shaken.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Apuleius uses it of a head struck violently.^(OLD 2012) Augustine distinguishes it from [[conterō]]: to be shaken is less than to be crushed.^(TLL) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to crush or shake.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of smashing a pot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a shattered body and a shaken mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of earthquakes and political upheaval.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of a violent blow.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine contrasts it with ''conterī''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To shake violently.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|shatter]], dash to pieces.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To throw into [[m|en|confusion]], [[m|en|unsettle]], disturb.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[conquassātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quassō]]

+ * [[quatiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}