propino Latin · revision 34552

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=grc προπίνω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prɔˈpiː.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈpiː.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''propīnō''' (present infinitive propīnāre, perfect active propīnāvī, supine propīnātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|προπίνω|tr=propínō|t=to drink to someone]],^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) a compound of [[m|grc|προ-|tr=pro-|t=before]] and [[m|grc|πίνω|tr=pínō|t=to drink]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found first in Plautus,^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) of drinking to someone by tasting a cup and handing it on: in the ''Curculio'' a character says he drank to a man in a big cup, and the man drained it.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Plautus also has ''propino tibi salutem'', “I drink your health”.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Ennius greets himself as the poet who serves verses to mortals as if passing a cup, and Terence uses it of handing someone over to be eaten, so that it came to mean to make a present of something.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Cicero has the toast ''propino hoc pulchro Critiae'' “I drink this to the fair Critias”.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913) In Pliny the Elder it is to give a medicine to drink.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ Christian writers used it of making people drink a cup of punishment or poison: the Vulgate's Jeremiah is told to take the cup of the wine of fury and give it to all the nations, and Augustine writes that poison was given to man to drink through a woman, and salvation through a woman.^(TLL) The first syllable was long in comedy and often short in Martial and Juvenal.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of drinking to someone and of drinking a health.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it figuratively of serving verses to mortals.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero quotes the toast to Critias.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of giving medicine to drink.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of giving the cup of fury to the nations.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To drink to someone, [[m|en|toast]], pledge, by tasting a cup and passing it on;^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''salutem propinare'' to drink someone's health.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To offer, present, hand over.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To give to drink, especially as a medicine.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' To make someone drink a cup of punishment or [[m|en|poison]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[propīnātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[propīna]]

+ * [[en|propine]]

+ * [[it|propinare]]

+ * [[es|propinar]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}