approbatio Latin · revision 34531

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero (81–43 BC)|origins=la probus}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''approbātiō''' ''f'' (genitive approbātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''adprobātiō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|approbō|-tiō|t1=to approve, commend]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) That verb is formed from [[m|la|ad-]] and [[m|la|probō|t=to approve, prove]],^(Etymonline)^(de Vaan 2008) which de Vaan derives from [[m|la|probus|t=good, honest]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its earliest example in the TLL is in Cicero's ''De inventione'', where the approval or offence of people (''hominum aut adprobātiō aut offēnsiō'') is weighed.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Most of its classical uses are Cicero's: the approval of an audience, the people or the senate.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) In Cicero's philosophical works it renders the Stoic term for the mind's assent to what it perceives, which the Greeks called ''synkatathesis'', and it can also mean a settled decision.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) In rhetoric it is the proof that confirms a suspicion or a premise.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Ecclesiastical Latin used it for approval and sanction.^(Stelten 1995) English ''approbation'' (early 15th century) comes from it, partly through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for the approval of hearers and for philosophical assent.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–AD 17 – Livy uses it of the approval of the senate.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English borrows it as ''approbation''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|approval|alt=Approval]], [[m|en|approbation]], assent.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' The mind's assent to what it perceives.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # A settled attitude or decision.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' A [[m|en|proof]], confirmation.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|sanction|alt=Sanction]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|approbation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}