adoptivus Latin · revision 34524

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=185/184–129 BC, Scipio the Younger|origins=la optō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [a.dɔpˈtiː.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [a.dopˈtiː.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''adoptīvus''' (feminine adoptīva, neuter adoptīvum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|adoptō|-īvus|t1=to adopt]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists [[m|la|adoptō]] from Plautus on among the derivatives of [[m|la|optō|t=to choose]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*opeje-|t=to choose, grab]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁op-eie-]].^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[xum|upetu|t=let him select]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its earliest known use is in a speech of Scipio the Younger quoted by Gellius,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of an adopted son (''filium adoptivum''), as opposed to a natural one.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It describes what is obtained or constituted by adoption: an adoptive son, father, brother or sister, the family one enters by adoption, its rites (''sacra'') as opposed to those of one's father, and a name or nobility acquired by adoption, in Cicero, Ovid, Suetonius and the jurists.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ovid and Martial transfer it to grafting: a grafted tree bears “adoptive” fruit that is not its own.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Palladius uses it the same way in his poem on grafting.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means adopted.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 185/184–129 BC – Scipio the Younger speaks of an adopted son.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of the rites of an adoptive family.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the grafted fruit of a tree.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius contrasts a natural son with an adopted one.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Obtained or constituted by [[m|en|adoption]], [[m|en|adoptive]]; adopted.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of plants, [[m|en|graft|alt=grafted]], not natural to the tree.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[adoptio|alt=adoptiō]]

+ * [[en|adoptive]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}