eiulatus Latin · revision 34520

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=la ei}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛj.jʊˈɫaː.tʊs], [ɛj.jʊˈɫaː.tuːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [e.juˈlaː.tus], [e.juˈlaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''eiulātus''' ''m'' (genitive eiulātūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is often written ''hēiulātus'' in the manuscripts.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ēiulō|-tus|t1=to wail]], an action noun.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb is formed from the interjection [[m|la|ei|t=oh!]],^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) apparently on the model of [[iubilo|alt=iūbilō]] “to shout”, according to the TLL and the OLD.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short derive it from the exclamations [[hei]] and [[heu]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Accius,^(Köbler 2010) in a tragedy where the roof of Philoctetes resounds with his wailing, complaining and groaning (''eiulatu, questu, gemitu'').^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is loud wailing or lamentation.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) Cicero, in the ''Tusculan Disputations'', allows a man to groan now and then but does not allow wailing even to a woman.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is found in Velleius Paterculus, Curtius, Tacitus and Gellius, often beside [[gemitus]],^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and the grammarian Charisius lists it as a synonym of ''gemitus'' and [[ululatus|alt=ululātus]].^(TLL) The Vulgate uses it in Genesis and Esther.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means lamentation or a cry.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of Philoctetes' wailing.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero contrasts it with groaning.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus speaks of womanish wailing.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it in Genesis and Esther.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|wail|alt=Wailing]], [[m|en|lamentation]], shrieking.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gemitus]]

+ * [[ululatus|alt=ululātus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}