ingenitus Latin · revision 34515

+ {{homograph|1|inborn}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la gignō}}

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''ingenitus''' (feminine ingenita, neuter ingenitum); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ In the sense “inborn”, it is the participle [[der|la|ingignō|t=to implant]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) That verb is a compound of [[m|la|in-|t=in]] and [[m|la|gignō|t=to beget]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) the OLD notes that it occurs mostly as this participle.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan traces [[m|la|gignō]] to [[ine-pro|*ǵi-ǵnh₁-e/o-|t=to engender]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first use is in Cicero,^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''De finibus'' writes that human nature has something inborn that is, as it were, civic and social (''quiddam ingenitum quasi civile atque populare'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of qualities and feelings it means inborn or inherent: Sallust, Livy (the pride inborn in the Campanians), Seneca (old, inborn hatreds), Quintilian, Pliny the Younger and Suetonius (inborn vices) use it so, and an inscription praises a man adorned with inborn modesty.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of material things it means implanted by nature, natural, as of vines with an inborn sterility in Columella.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero writes of something inborn in human nature.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy writes of pride inborn in the Campanians.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella writes of vines with an inborn sterility.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius writes of inborn vices.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of qualities or feelings, [[m|en|inborn]], [[m|en|innate]], [[m|en|inherent]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of material things, implanted by nature, [[m|en|natural]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

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+ {{homograph|2|unbegotten}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=297–310 AD, Arnobius|origins=la gignō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ingenitus''' (feminine ingenita, neuter ingenitum); first/second-declension adjective^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The unbegotten is [[af|la|in-|genitus|t1=not|t2=begotten]].^(TLL)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Its second part, [[m|la|genitus]], is the participle of [[m|la|gignō|t=to beget]], which de Vaan regards as relatively recent, having replaced an older ⟨*gnātos⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Georges and Gaffiot cite Arnobius first,^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010) who calls God ''ingenitus''.^(Georges 1913)^(TLL)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a word of Christian theology, meaning not begotten or uncreated.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) Hilary of Poitiers defines the ''ingenitus'' as one made by no one, and sets the unbegotten Father against the only-begotten Son; it recurs in the controversies over the Trinity, in Ambrose and in Consentius' letters to Augustine.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) The neuter plural was used of the two uncreated principles of the Manichaeans, and Rufinus has it of matter that some thought was not made by God.^(TLL) An adverb ''ingenitē'', “without being begotten”, also occurs.^(TLL) In medieval Latin it still means unbegotten.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 297–310 AD – Arnobius calls God ''ingenitus''.^(Georges 1913)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 315–367/368 AD – Hilary of Poitiers contrasts the unbegotten Father with the only-begotten Son.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 340–397 AD – Ambrose asks how the unbegotten and the begotten can be of one nature.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|unbegotten|alt=Unbegotten]], not born; uncreated, of God the Father.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # Uncreated, of the principles of the Manichaeans or of matter.^(TLL)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[unigenitus|alt=ūnigenitus]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ The two words are separate formations: the first is the participle of [[ingigno|alt=ingignō]], with the prefix meaning “in”, the second has the negative prefix ''in-''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) Georges and the TLL number the theological word first;^(Georges 1913)^(TLL)^(Gaffiot 2016) Gaffiot numbers the participle first.^(Georges 1913)^(TLL)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}