mastigia Latin · revision 34514

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=grc μάστιξ}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [masˈtiː.ɡi.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [masˈtiː.d͡ʒi.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mastīgia''' ''m'' (genitive mastīgiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucilius has the Greek form ''mastīgiās''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|μαστιγίας|tr=mastigías|t=one who deserves a whipping]],^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) from [[m|grc|μάστιξ|tr=mástix|t=whip]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It appears first in Plautus, who uses it in many plays,^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) for instance in the ''Captivi'' and the ''Mostellaria''.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a term of abuse, a person who deserves a whipping, a scoundrel or rogue,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and belongs to early Latin comedy: besides Plautus it is found in Terence's ''Adelphoe'' (''non manum abstines, mastigia?'', “keep your hands off, you rogue!”) and in Lucilius, who has the Greek form ''mastigias''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) The TLL notes that it always stands at the end of the verse, as in Greek comedy, and the glossaries explain it as a bad or worthless slave.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it as a term of abuse.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it in the ''Adelphoe''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses the form ''mastigias''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(derogatory)'' A person who deserves a [[m|en|whipping]]; a [[m|en|scoundrel]], [[m|en|rascal]], [[m|en|rogue]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Late Latin also has a feminine ''mastigia'', “whip, scourge”, in Sulpicius Severus,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) which the TLL treats as a separate word, compared with Greek forms for “whip”;^(TLL) Niermeyer gives medieval senses whip, belt and strap.^(Niermeyer 1976) Wiktionary compares the native [[m|la|verberō#2|t=scoundrel]], from [[verber]] “whip”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}