patruelis Latin · revision 34507

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *ph₂tr-u-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pa.truˈeː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [pa.truˈɛː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patruēlis''' ''m'' or f (genitive patruēlis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Ablative singular ''patruēle'' in Nepos, beside the usual ''patruēlī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|patruus|-ēlis|t1=father's brother]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan, following Leumann, suggests that it may be dissimilated from an older [[m|la|*patruīlis]], “of a father's brother”.^(de Vaan 2008) The noun [[m|la|patruus]] belongs to [[m|la|pater|t=father]] and goes back to [[ine-pro|*ph₂tr-u-|t=father's brother]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Related words for the father's brother are [[sa|पितृव्य|tr=pitr̥vya-]] and Young Avestan [[m|ae|tūiriia-|t=father's brother]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler, de Vaan and the TLL record it first in Naevius,^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) who has ''fratri patrueli meo'', “to my cousin”.^(TLL) In Plautus' ''Poenulus'' two Carthaginians are said to have been ''fratres patrueles'', first cousins.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first use is the phrase ''frater patruēlis'' or ''soror patruēlis'', a cousin through one's father's brother, as against ''cōnsobrīnus'', a cousin through one's mother's sister.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Cicero calls Lucius Cicero his brother by kinship ''patruelis'', by affection ''germanus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Jurists place the ''fratres'' and ''sorores patrueles'' in the fourth degree of kinship.^(TLL) Used alone as a noun it means a cousin, in Suetonius and Persius,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Cicero once uses it of a father's sister's son.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Poets use it more loosely: Ovid has ''patruelis origo'', and the ''patruelia dona'' are gifts that belonged to a cousin.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it could mean the father's brother himself,^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) and writers in Britain also use it for a cousin or a nephew.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius has ''frater patruelis'', “cousin”.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of two Carthaginian ''fratres patrueles''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero calls Lucius Cicero his cousin ''patruelis''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the descent and possessions of cousins.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 140–180 AD – Gaius puts cousins of this kind in the fourth degree of kinship.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * first third of the 8th century – Bede uses it for a paternal uncle.^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of or belonging to a [[m|en|paternal]] uncle.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''frāter'' or ''soror patruēlis'': a first [[m|en|cousin]], the child of one's father's brother.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of or belonging to such a cousin.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A first cousin on the father's side.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A father's brother, paternal [[m|en|uncle]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|nephew]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mātruēlis]]

+ * [[patruus]]

+ * [[pater]]

+ * [[cōnsobrīnus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}