hosticus Latin · revision 34496

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *gʰosti-}}

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''hosticus''' (feminine hostica, neuter hosticum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|hostis|-icus|t1=stranger; enemy]], formed like [[m|la|cīvicus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan derives [[m|la|hostis]] from [[itc-pro|*χosti-]] and [[ine-pro|*gʰosti-|t=stranger, guest]]; the further origin of that word is disputed.^(de Vaan 2008)

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+ Cognate with [[goh|gast|t=guest]] and [[non|gestr|t=guest]].^(de Vaan 2008)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and de Vaan record it first in Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) In the ''Captivi'' it is “of the enemy”: the shared slavery that came ''hostica manu'', by an enemy hand.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the ''Miles gloriosus'' a speaker says ''hosticum hoc mihi domicilium est, Athenis domus est'', “this is a foreign dwelling to me, my home is at Athens”, but there the word is a conjecture.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means of or belonging to the enemy: Accius has ''corpus hosticum'', bodies of slain enemies, Horace the enemy's walls and sword, Ovid enemy land and flames.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Lewis & Short note that it is mostly poetic and post-Augustan, and absent from Cicero and Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The neuter ''hosticum'' is enemy territory, in Livy and Pliny the Younger.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) The commentator Porphyrion remarks that the ancients said ''civica'' and ''hostica'' where later Latin said ''civilia'' and ''hostilia''.^(TLL)

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+ In Medieval Latin from Britain it also means warlike, and in law texts it stands where the Old English versions have words for the army and military service.^(DMLBS) Conte gives it as the source of [[it|ostico]].^(Conte 2010)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has ''hostica manus'', an enemy hand.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses ''corpus hosticum'' of slain enemies.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of the enemy's walls.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses the neuter ''hosticum'' for enemy territory.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Situated abroad, [[m|en|foreign]], strange.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of or belonging to the [[m|en|enemy]], [[m|en|hostile]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|warlike|alt=Warlike]].^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(neuter as noun)'' Enemy territory.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, as noun)'' An enemy army; an army, household troops; [[m|en|military service]].^(DMLBS)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hosticum]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hostis]]

+ * [[hostīlis]]

+ * [[it|ostico]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}