lymphatus Latin · revision 34494

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=220–130 BC, Pacuvius|origins=la lympha}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [lymˈpʰaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [limˈfaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lymphātus''' (feminine lymphāta, neuter lymphātum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the past participle [[der|la|lymphō|t=to drive mad]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) The TLL thinks it was rather formed back from [[m|la|lymphāticus|t=frenzied]], the verb then being made from the participle.^(TLL) Varro and Priscian derived it from [[m|la|lympha|t=water; water nymph]],^(TLL) a form of [[grc|νύμφη|tr=númphē|t=bride, nymph]], apparently altered by dissimilation.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Varro says that the Greeks called people with a disturbed mind [[m|grc|νυμφόληπτος|tr=numphólēptos]], and that the Latin word was formed after it.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found first in Pacuvius,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who describes Hesione as if frenzied or stirred by the rites of Bacchus.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Catullus, Horace and Virgil it describes frenzy: Virgil's Amata rages through the city ''lymphata'', which Servius explains as struck by the madness of the Nymphs, as ''cerriti'' are named from Ceres.^(Conte 2010)^(TLL) Horace has a mind ''lymphata'', and Livy and Tacitus use it of people struck by panic.^(Georges 1913) It was used of prophets in a frenzy, as in Seneca and Lucan,^(TLL) and the glossaries explain it as ''furiosus'' “raving”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of a frenzied woman.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of Amata raging through the city.^(TLL)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of panic.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|frenzied|alt=Frenzied]], distracted, [[m|en|frantic]], out of one's mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # Panic-stricken.^(Georges 1913)

+ # In a prophetic [[m|en|frenzy]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lympha]]

+ * [[lymphō]]

+ * [[lymphāticus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A fourth-declension noun ''lymphātus'' “madness” is listed for one passage of Pliny the Elder,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) but the TLL doubts that editors are right to read it there.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}