tyrannis Latin · revision 34489

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=grc τυραννίς}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [tyˈran.nɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [tiˈran.nis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tyrannis''' ''f'' (genitive tyrannidis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Besides ''tyrannidem'' the accusative has the Greek form ''tyrannida'', and the genitive also ''tyrannidos''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|τυραννίς|tr=turannís|t=absolute rule, tyranny]],^(OLD 2012)^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary) and Köbler refers it to [[tyrannus]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero has it first,^(Köbler 2010) of the position or rule of a tyrant in the Greek sense: in the ''De inventione'' he speaks of a man who had seized the tyranny among the people of Pherae in Thessaly.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it is the rule of a Greek-style tyrant, as in Nepos, Livy and Ovid,^(OLD 2012) and Livy uses it once of the territory a tyrant rules.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It was also applied to any cruel and oppressive regime: in a letter Cicero writes ''vīvit tyrannis, tyrannus occidit'', “the tyranny lives, the tyrant has fallen”,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Sallust and Juvenal speak of the tyranny of Sulla and of Nero.^(OLD 2012) In the Historia Augusta it means a female ruler.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ Ecclesiastical Latin keeps the sense “tyranny”.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval writers in Britain use it of a tyrant's rule, also figuratively, and of a single tyrannical act.^(DMLBS) Italian ''tirannide'' continues the word.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the rule of a tyrant.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of the territory ruled by a tyrant.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust speaks of the tyranny of Sulla.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4th/5th century AD – The Historia Augusta uses it of a female ruler.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The position or rule of a [[m|en|tyrant]], absolute rule.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The territory ruled by a tyrant.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(transferred)'' Any cruel and oppressive regime, [[m|en|tyranny]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' A female ruler.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A tyrannical act.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tyrannicē]]

+ * [[tyrannicus]]

+ * [[tyrannus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}