prurio Latin · revision 34485

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *preus-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpruː.ri.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpruː.ri.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prūriō''' (present infinitive prūrīre); fourth conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*prous-je/o-|t=to itch]],^(de Vaan 2008) from [[ine-pro|*preus-i-|t=(cold and) wet, itching]].^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary calls the origin uncertain and the link with a root meaning “to freeze” only possible.^(Wiktionary) The OLD compares [[m|la|pruīna|t=hoarfrost]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ De Vaan's cognates include [[cy|rhew|t=frost]] and [[br|rev|t=frost]], [[sa|प्रुषित|tr=pruṣitá-|t=sprinkled, wet]], [[non|frjósa|t=to freeze]] from [[gem-pro|*freus-]], and [[goh|frost]]; [[lt|praũsti|t=to wash]] may also belong here.^(de Vaan 2008) He explains [[m|la|prūna|t=glowing charcoal]] from the same root: the sense “to be wet, to itch” was also applied to great heat, hence “burning”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it of parts of the body that tingle in expectation of a beating, as in ''iam scapulae prūriunt'', “now my shoulders are itching”.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The plain physical sense “to itch” is cited from Scribonius Largus and Juvenal.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus' tingling of the teeth or shoulders before a blow is a jesting use.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Plautus and Catullus also use it of sexual excitement, and Martial even of wanton verses.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Martial uses it as well of eagerness for other things: a young bull ''prūrit in pugnam'', itches for the fight.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ The Vulgate speaks of people ''prūrientēs auribus'', with itching ears, who gather teachers to suit their desires,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) and Ecclesiastical Latin keeps the senses “itch, long for”.^(Stelten 1995) The verb survives in Italian ''prurire'' and ''prudere'' and in Catalan and Portuguese ''pruir''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the tingling of shoulders and teeth before a beating.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of sexual excitement.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 47 AD – Scribonius Largus uses it of the mouth itching.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial has a young bull itching for the fight.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate speaks of itching ears.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|itch]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|tingle]] in expectation of a blow.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To have a sexual craving, be [[m|en|lustful]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To itch for, be eager for something.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prūrīgō]]

+ * [[prūrītus]]

+ * [[prūrītīvus]]

+ * [[prūriōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pruīna]]

+ * [[prūna]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}