crapula Latin · revision 34484

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=grc κραιπάλη}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkraː.pʊ.ɫa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkraː.pu.la]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crāpula''' ''f'' (genitive crāpulae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|κραιπάλη|tr=kraipálē|t=intoxication, the after-effects of drinking]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first,^(Köbler 2010) of the after-effects of heavy drinking: in the ''Mostellaria'' a character says ''obdormīvī crāpulam'', “I have slept off my drunkenness”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it is the state of intoxication and its after-effects:^(OLD 2012) Cicero speaks of guests who had not yet breathed out the drunkenness of a banquet and tells his opponent to sleep his off, and Livy has men ''plēnī crāpulae'', full of drink.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Pliny the Elder uses it also of a resin added to wine, which was believed to curb its harshness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ From Augustine on it also means overeating,^(Conte 2010) and medieval Latin uses it mainly of gluttony and surfeit.^(Niermeyer 1976) Medieval writers in Britain use it of a hangover, of excess in food or drink, and figuratively of appetite.^(DMLBS) French ''crapule'' and Italian ''crapula'' continue it, and English borrowed it as ''crapula''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of sleeping off drunkenness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the after-effects of a banquet.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a resin added to wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it of overeating.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|drunkenness|alt=Drunkenness]], the after-effects of heavy drinking; a [[m|en|hangover]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(DMLBS)

+ # A [[m|en|resin]] added to wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Overeating, surfeit.^(Conte 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|gluttony|alt=Gluttony]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[crāpulānus]]

+ * [[crāpulārius]]

+ * [[crāpulentus]]

+ * [[crāpulor]]

+ * [[crāpulōsus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}