carpentum Latin · revision 34480

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=xtg carbantos}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [karˈpɛn.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [karˈpɛn.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''carpentum''' ''n'' (genitive carpentī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is apparently a Gaulish word,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010) probably [[bor|xtg|carbantos]], from [[cel-pro|*karbantos|t=chariot, war chariot]].^(Wiktionary) The TLL considers the Gaulish origin likely if the town names Carbantorate (later Carpentoratensis) in Gallia Narbonensis and Carbantium in Britain belong here, and mentions [[sga|carpat]] and [[cy|cerbyd]], “chariot”, though it doubts that these are native words.^(TLL) Köbler too compares the Old Irish word and calls the further origin unclear.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL and Conte cite it first from Livius Andronicus,^(TLL)^(Conte 2010) of a carriage for use in the city.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a two-wheeled, usually covered carriage, used in Rome especially by women,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) as in Livy, Propertius, Ovid and Tacitus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) It also served as a ceremonial or funeral carriage,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Livy and Florus use it of the baggage wagons and war chariots of Gauls and Britons.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Later writers use it of a farm cart, such as Palladius' dung cart,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and of the team that draws it.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Medieval writers in Britain use it of carriages and carts, glossed in Old English as a horse-wagon.^(DMLBS) Old French ''charpent'' and French ''charpente'' come from it.^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it of a carriage.^(TLL)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of women's carriages and of Gallic wagons.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 120 AD – Florus uses it of the chariots of Gauls and Britons.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * end of 4th/beginning of 5th century AD – Palladius uses it of a dung cart.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A two-wheeled, covered [[m|en|carriage]], used especially by women in Rome.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A ceremonial or funeral carriage.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A baggage [[m|en|wagon]]; a war [[m|en|chariot]] of the Gauls and Britons.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' A farm [[m|en|cart]]; the team drawing it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[carpentārius]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}