cingulum Latin · revision 34479

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la cingō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkɪŋ.ɡʊ.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈt͡ʃiŋ.ɡu.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cingulum''' ''n'' (genitive cingulī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Besides the neuter there are a masculine ''cingulus'' and a feminine ''cingula'';^(Lewis & Short 1879) Isidore and Servius say the neuter is used of people and the feminine of animals.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|cingō|-ulum|t1=to gird, surround]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) The origin of [[m|la|cingō]] itself is uncertain: de Vaan doubts the comparison with [[lt|kinkýti|t=to bridle horses]], which would need a root that cannot be Proto-Indo-European.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it of a girdle.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a band put round something, a belt or girdle,^(OLD 2012) at first mostly a woman's girdle; the bride's girdle was untied by her husband.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) In Virgil it is a sword belt, often gilded,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and a horse's girth in Silius Italicus and a dog's collar in Petronius.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Cicero has the masculine ''cingulus'' for a zone of the earth.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Late Latin the belt was a badge of military and civil service, and so the word came to mean the service itself, as in the Codes of Theodosius and Justinian.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Jerome uses it of a priest's girdle.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Medieval Latin keeps the military and secular office,^(Niermeyer 1976) and medieval writers in Britain use it of the girdle among the priest's vestments and of a truss for a rupture.^(DMLBS) It lives on in French ''sangle'' and Spanish ''cincha'',^(Wiktionary) the source of English ''cinch'', first recorded in 1859 for a saddle girth.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of a girdle.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''cingulus'' for a zone of the earth.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a sword belt.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 383–419/420 AD – Jerome uses it of a priest's girdle.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1859 – English ''cinch'' is borrowed from the Spanish descendant.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|belt]] or [[m|en|girdle]], especially a woman's.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A sword belt.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A horse's [[m|en|girth]]; a dog's [[m|en|collar]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(masculine)'' A zone of the earth.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Military or civil service.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A priest's girdle, [[m|en|cincture]].^(Georges 1913)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A military or secular office.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[succingulum]]

+ * [[cingillum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cincticulus]]

+ * [[cinctōrium]]

+ * [[cinctūra]]

+ * [[cinctus]]

+ * [[cinctūtus]]

+ * [[cingō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate ''Cingulum'' was a hill town in Picenum, mentioned by Caesar and Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}