supersedeo Latin · revision 34474

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la sedeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊ.pɛrˈsɛ.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [su.perˈsɛː.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''supersedeō''' (present infinitive supersedēre, perfect active supersēdī, supine supersessum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''supersideō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|super-|sedeō|t1=above, over|t2=to sit]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|sedeō]] from [[itc-pro|*sed-ē-|t=to be seated]] and [[ine-pro|*sed-eh₁-|t=to be seated]], a stative present; cognates of the root include [[sga|saidid|t=to sit]], [[grc|ἕζομαι|tr=hézomai|t=to sit down]] and [[lt|sėdė́ti|t=to sit]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first example is in Plautus,^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) whose ''Poenulus'' has ''supersede istis verbis'', “leave off those words”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense, to sit on top of something, is very rare and not found in Cicero or Caesar: Suetonius uses it of an eagle perching on a tent and of a Roman knight riding an elephant, and Apuleius of an asp sitting on a handle.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Georges also gives the sense to preside over, citing Cato.^(Georges 1913) Its usual meaning from Plautus on is to refrain or desist from something, to spare oneself it: Cicero writes of sparing someone the labour of a journey, the ''Bellum Africum'' of declining battle, and Livy of tribute and the levy being dispensed with.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) In the ''Res gestae'' Augustus says that he declined further triumphs the senate decreed him.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) With an infinitive it means to forbear doing something, from Sisenna and Livy on.^(OLD 2012) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to sit upon, leave off, omit or refrain.^(Stelten 1995) English took [[m|en|supersede]] from it in the mid-15th century, first in the sense to postpone or defer, and [[m|en|surcease]] came from it through Anglo-French and Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in the sense to leave off.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it, according to Georges, of presiding over disputes.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of sparing someone a journey.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of an eagle perching on a tent.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English borrows it as [[m|en|supersede]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To sit on top of, [[m|en|perch]] on.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|preside]] over.^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|refrain]] or desist from, abstain from, forgo; to spare oneself something.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(with infinitive)'' To forbear doing something.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[assideō]]

+ * [[circumsedeō]]

+ * [[dēsideō]]

+ * [[dissideō]]

+ * [[īnsideō]]

+ * [[obsideō]]

+ * [[persedeō]]

+ * [[possideō]]

+ * [[praesideō]]

+ * [[resideō]]

+ * [[en|supersede]]

+ * [[en|surcease]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}