undecim Latin · revision 34465

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈuːn.dɛ.kĩː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈun.de.t͡ʃim]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ūndecim''' (indeclinable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ūnus|decem|t1=one|t2=ten]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan reconstructs the Proto-Italic numeral for eleven as [[m|itc-pro|*oinos-dekm]] or [[m|itc-pro|*oinom-dekm]].^(de Vaan 2008) The ⟨i⟩ of its second part is not well explained: a metathesis of the vowels would be very rare, and de Vaan thinks the numbers in -decim more likely took their -dec- from the word for ten and their -im from the ordinals in -decimus, such as [[ūndecimus]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Conte 2010) meaning “eleven”.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero speaks of eleven legions, and Vitruvius and Martial use it in counting.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Ammianus Marcellinus uses it as an indefinite number.^(Georges 1913) Military diplomas recorded in the ''Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum'' write ''decem et unus'' instead.^(Georges 1913) Medieval writers in Britain use it as before: Bede explains the eleven parts of twelve that make up the ''deunx''.^(DMLBS) It lives on in Italian [[m|it|undici]].^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Conte 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of eleven legions.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus Marcellinus uses it as an indefinite number.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|eleven|alt=Eleven]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ūndecimus]]

+ * [[ūndecimvir]]

+ * [[ūndecirēmis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ūnus]]

+ * [[decem]]

+ * [[duodecim]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}