vador Latin · revision 34462

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *uodʰ-s}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈwa.dɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈvaː.dor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vador''' (present infinitive vadārī or vadārier, perfect active vadātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|vas#1|-ō|t1=surety, bail]], a deponent verb.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces the noun to [[itc-pro|*woss]] (genitive [[m|itc-pro|*waþos]]) and to a root noun [[ine-pro|*uodʰ-s]], “the one who leads the defendant to court”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognates are [[lt|vãdas|t=guarantee, surety]], [[non|veð|t=surety]] and [[ang|wedd]], the last two from [[gem-pro|*u̯adia-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008) as a legal term for binding someone over by bail to appear in court: in the ''Persa'' a character says ''vadatur hic me'', “he is binding me over”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The plaintiff is the subject: he accepts sureties from the other party that he will appear in court on a set day, and the verb can mean simply to bring an action against someone.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it in the speech for Quinctius and in the Verrines, and Livy writes of an accuser who bound the accused over with many sureties.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) The perfect participle ''vadātus'' has a passive sense, “bound over to appear”: Lucilius has it of a trickster, and Horace has the ablative ''vadato'', “bail having been given”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Figuratively the participle means bound or pledged in general: Plautus has someone held ''vadatum amore'', bound by love, and Apuleius uses it of a life pledged or devoted to a goddess.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Gellius uses the infinitive as an impersonal passive.^(OLD 2012) Ecclesiastical Latin keeps the sense of binding over by bail.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in the ''Persa'' and the ''Aulularia''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses the participle ''vadātus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it in his speeches.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses the participle of a devoted life.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(law)'' To bind over by [[m|en|bail]] to appear in court; to accept sureties from; to bring an action against.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(perfect participle, passive)'' Bound over to appear in court;^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) ''(figurative)'' bound, [[m|en|pledged]], devoted.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vadimōnium]]

+ * [[praes]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}