vespertinus Latin · revision 34460

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *ue-k(w)sp-er-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [wɛs.pɛrˈtiː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ves.perˈtiː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vespertīnus''' (feminine vespertīna, neuter vespertīnum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|vesper|-tīnus|t1=evening]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary instead gives the suffix as [[m|la|-īnus]], with the ⟨t⟩ perhaps from [[m|la|mātūtīnus|t=of the morning]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces the noun to [[itc-pro|*we(k)spero-]] and [[ine-pro|*ue-k(w)sp-er-o-|t=evening]], a compound of an element *ue- and a word for night; the first element is hard to explain.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognates are [[cy|ucher|t=evening]], [[grc|ἕσπερος|tr=hésperos|t=evening]] and [[lt|vãkaras|t=evening]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Varro on:^(de Vaan 2008) he writes that sheep graze again in the evening air.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero speaks of the evening hours, of letters received in the evening and of decrees of the senate passed in the evening.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Pliny the Elder uses it of dim sight in the evening and of the cock's evening crowing.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Horace uses it with the force of an adverb, of a guest who arrives in the evening, and also of the west.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Vitruvius too uses it of the western region of the sky.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it is used of Vespers, and the neuter plural ''vespertina'' is Vespers itself.^(Niermeyer 1976) Medieval writers in Britain use it of the evening and, in church and monastic use, of the office of Vespers;^(DMLBS) Bede speaks of the psalmody of the evening praise.^(DMLBS) English borrowed it as [[m|en|vespertine]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the evening air.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of evening letters and decrees.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of the west.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English borrows it as [[m|en|vespertine]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of the [[m|en|evening]], happening in the evening;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''(with the force of an adverb)'' in the evening.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # [[m|en|western|alt=Western]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Of [[m|en|vespers|alt=Vespers]];^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) ''vespertina'', Vespers.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vesper]]

+ * [[vespera]]

+ * [[mātūtīnus]]

+ * [[en|vespertine]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}