flammeum Latin · revision 34459

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=230/220–168 BC, Caecilius|origins=ine-pro *bʰlg-mh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfɫam.me.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈflam.me.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''flammeum''' ''n'' (genitive flammeī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|flammeus|t=flame-coloured]], the adjective used as a noun,^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) from [[m|la|flamma|t=flame]].^(Georges 1913)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces that noun to [[itc-pro|*flagma]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰlg-mh₂-|t=flame]], a zero grade that he finds striking beside [[grc|φλογμός|tr=phlogmós|t=flame]].^(de Vaan 2008) The root is the same as in [[m|la|flagrō|t=to burn]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ An ancient commentary on Lucan explains the name either from the light breath that moves the delicate veils or from their flame colour.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan records it first in Caecilius,^(de Vaan 2008) who speaks of a bridal veil spread out at home, ''flammeum expassum domi''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the flame-coloured veil a Roman bride wore at her wedding.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Festus says the bride wore it for a good omen.^(TLL) Catullus has ''flammeum capere'', to take the veil, of a bride, and Juvenal ''flammea sumere'';^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Juvenal also says of a woman that she wears out wedding veils, marrying again and again.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Lucan calls the veils yellow.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Pliny the Elder uses the name for a flame-coloured flower, the [[m|en|phlox]], and Seneca for the fiery red in a rainbow.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Christian writers use it of the veil of consecrated virgins: Ambrose, writing on virgins, speaks of a veil in which Christ, the head of all, is consecrated daily.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 230/220–168 BC – Caecilius uses it of a bridal veil.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus has ''flammeum capere''.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it for a flower.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 340–397 AD – Ambrose uses it of the veil of virgins.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A flame-coloured bridal [[m|en|veil]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+ # A flame-coloured flower, [[m|en|phlox]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Fiery red (in a rainbow).^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The veil of a consecrated virgin.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[flammeus]]

+ * [[flamma]]

+ * [[flagrō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Festus reports Aelius and Cincius as saying that marriage, ''nuptiae'', took its name from the bride's head being covered, ''obnubere'', with the ''flammeum''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}