quinquagesimus Latin · revision 34457

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la quīnquāgintā}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kʷiːŋ.kʷaːˈɡeː.sɪ.mʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kʷiŋ.kʷaˈd͡ʒɛː.s̬i.mus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quīnquāgēsimus''' (feminine quīnquāgēsima, neuter quīnquāgēsimum); first/second-declension numeral^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''quinquāgēnsimus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|quīnquāgintā|-ēsimus|t1=fifty]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) That numeral goes back to [[m|la|quīnque|t=five]]; according to de Vaan its ⟨ā⟩, for an expected *quinquēgintā, was taken from the word for forty.^(de Vaan 2008) He traces the word for five to [[itc-pro|*kʷenkʷe]] and [[ine-pro|*penkʷe|t=five]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Plautus.^(Köbler 2010) It means “fiftieth”: Cicero dates an event to about the three hundred and fiftieth year after the founding of Rome.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Pliny the Elder uses it of a man's fifty-first year, and the OLD records a yield of up to fiftyfold, ''cum quinquagesimo fenore''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) The feminine, with ''pars'' understood, is a fiftieth part: Vitruvius uses it in proportions, and in the Verrines Cicero complains of fiftieths exacted on top of the tithe.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) As a tax, the two per cent duty, it appears in Tacitus, who records its abolition, and in Symmachus.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In church use the feminine, with ''diēs'' understood, became the name of Pentecost, the fiftieth day after Easter.^(Georges 1913)^(DMLBS) Medieval writers in Britain also use ''Quinquagesima'' for the period from the Sunday before Lent to Easter, and for that Sunday itself; a letter of 798 in Alcuin's correspondence explains the name.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the feminine for a fiftieth part levied as a tax.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus records the abolition of the two per cent duty.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 798 – A letter in Alcuin's correspondence explains the name ''Quinquagesima''.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|fiftieth|alt=Fiftieth]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(feminine, quīnquāgēsima)'' A fiftieth part;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) a two per cent [[m|en|duty]] or tax.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin, feminine)'' [[m|en|Pentecost]];^(Georges 1913)^(DMLBS) ''(Medieval Latin)'' the period from the Sunday before Lent to Easter, and that Sunday, [[m|en|Quinquagesima]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quīnquāgintā]]

+ * [[quīnque]]

+ * [[quadrāgēsimus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}