turpo Latin · revision 34453

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la turpis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtʊr.poː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtur.po]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''turpō''' (present infinitive turpāre, perfect active turpāvī, supine turpātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|turpis|-ō|t1=ugly, foul, shameful]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) The origin of the adjective is unknown: de Vaan rejects the comparison by Walde and Hofmann and by Pokorny with [[sa|त्रपते|tr=trapate|t=to be ashamed]] and a root [[ine-pro|*trep-|t=to turn]] as too constructed, and finds a link with [[m|la|torpeō|t=to be numb]] no smoother.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Ennius on,^(de Vaan 2008) who speaks of the altar of Jupiter defiled with blood, ''Iovis aram sanguine turpari''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is mostly poetic.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil has hair defiled with blood and grey hair with dust;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Horace a scar that disfigured a forehead and wrinkles that make someone ugly;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Tacitus the disfigurement of scabies.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Pacuvius already uses it of dishonour, ''ni turpassis vanitudine aetatem tuam'', and Livy of a camp nearly tainted by the sedition in the city;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Statius has it of disgracing one's ancestors.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Augustine uses it of the monstrous ugliness of an idol, and Ecclesiastical Latin keeps the senses of defiling, befouling and making ugly.^(Georges 1913)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of an altar defiled with blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of dishonour.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a scar disfiguring a forehead.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make foul, [[m|en|pollute]], [[m|en|defile]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To make unsightly, [[m|en|disfigure]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|dishonour]], disgrace.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēturpō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[turpis]]

+ * [[turpitūdō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}