suffulcio Latin · revision 34442

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la fulciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊfˈfʊɫ.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [sufˈful̠ʲ.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''suffulciō''' (present infinitive suffulcīre, perfect active suffulsī, supine suffultum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''subfulciō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ Fulgentius has a perfect form ''suffulcierit''.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sub-|fulciō|t1=under|t2=to prop up]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan calls the origin of [[m|la|fulciō]] unclear: it is often connected with [[grc|φάλαγξ|tr=phálanx|t=beam]] and [[goh|balko|t=beam]], but he finds the link of “beam” or “prop” with the root meaning “to swell” that is assumed for those words unclear.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan records it from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it absolutely: ''nisi suffulcis firmiter, non potes subsistere'', “unless you prop yourself up firmly, you cannot stand”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to prop from below, keep from falling,^(OLD 2012) and Lewis and Short call it mostly ante- and post-classical and absent from Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius has a portico propped on equal columns, ''porticus paribus suffulta columnis'', and food taken to sustain the limbs.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Seneca uses it of a garment one lies on, Martial of a litter borne by Syrian slaves, and Apuleius of jaws and neck propped with cushions.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to support from beneath.^(Stelten 1995) Italian continues it as [[m|it|soffolcere]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of propping oneself up.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a portico on columns and of food sustaining the limbs.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it of a litter carried by slaves.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of propping with cushions.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|prop]] up from below, [[m|en|underprop]], keep from falling.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To bear, carry (a litter).^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|sustain]], strengthen.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[suffultura]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fulciō]]

+ * [[fulcrum]]

+ * [[praefulciō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}