thorax Latin · revision 34430

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=grc θώραξ}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtʰoː.raːks], [ˈtʰoː.raks]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtɔː.raks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''thōrā̆x''' ''m'' (genitive thōrācis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Besides the genitive ''thōrācis'' the OLD records the Greek ''thōrācos''.^(OLD 2012)

+ Poets use the Greek accusative ''thōrāca''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ Trebellius Pollio uses it as feminine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|θώραξ|tr=thṓrax|t=breastplate, chest]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary) Beekes, as quoted by Etymonline, calls the Greek word a technical term without etymology, probably a loan.^(Etymonline) Köbler mentions a possible connection with [[ine-pro|*dʰer-|t=to hold, support]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Virgil uses it of armour: Turnus wears a ruddy cuirass with bronze scales,^(OLD 2012) and Livy, whom Köbler gives as its first author, has it too.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Latin the armour is the older sense: a cuirass covering the upper body, in Virgil, Livy, Curtius, Pliny the Elder and the epic poets of the 1st century.^(OLD 2012) Civilians wore a similar garment: Juvenal mentions a green jerkin, and Suetonius says Augustus protected himself in winter with a woollen one.^(OLD 2012) The medical writers Celsus and Pliny use it of the chest or trunk of the body,^(OLD 2012) and the ''Historia Augusta'' of a bust.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Ecclesiastical Latin keeps the senses of breast and breastplate.^(Stelten 1995) English took it from Latin in the late 14th century as [[m|en|thorax]], the chest.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a warrior's cuirass.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of armour.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of the chest.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of a woollen jerkin.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English borrows it as ''thorax''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|cuirass]], [[m|en|breastplate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A similar garment worn by civilians, a [[m|en|jerkin]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # The [[m|en|chest]], trunk of the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|bust]] (statue).^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[thōrācātus]]

+ * [[thoraciculus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|thorax]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}