cratera Latin · revision 34427

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=grc κρατήρ}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crātēra''' ''f'' (genitive crātērae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Beside it Latin has the masculine [[crātēr]], the Greek form, mostly used by poets.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+ A by-form is ''crēterra'', used by Naevius, Varro and Cicero in his letters.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|κρατήρ|tr=kratḗr|t=mixing bowl]], which became a feminine of the first declension in Latin.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Servius and Isidore of Seville note that the Greek word is masculine while Latin made it feminine, and Priscian gives it as an example of a noun that changed gender in Latin.^(TLL) Isidore explained the name from a Greek verb meaning to hold, because such bowls were first made of interwoven twigs holding one another.^(TLL) Etymonline traces the Greek word to [[ine-pro|*kere-|t=to mix]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and the TLL record it first in Naevius.^(Köbler 2010)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the mixing bowl in which wine was mixed with water.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) According to the TLL the masculine ''crater'' is frequent in the poets, while ''cratera'' is the form of prose; among poets only Naevius, Ennius, Cicero's ''Aratea'', Horace and Persius use it.^(TLL) Cicero, Livy and Curtius have it in prose.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Like ''crater'' it also named the constellation of the Bowl.^(Lewis 1890) In Medieval Latin it is a drinking bowl or cup.^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it in the Verrines.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it in the ''Odes'' and the ''Satires''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 400 AD – Servius notes that the Latin form is feminine.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|mixing bowl]] for wine and water.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The constellation of the [[m|en|bowl|alt=Bowl]].^(Lewis 1890)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A drinking bowl or [[m|en|cup]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[crātēr]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}