sarculum Latin · revision 34426

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la sarriō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsar.kʊ.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsar.ku.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sarculum''' ''n'' (genitive sarculī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Palladius uses a masculine ''sarculus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sarriō|-culum|t1=to hoe, weed]], from the verb's form ⟨sāriō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs the verb as [[itc-pro|*sars-je/o-|t=to hoe, weed]], from [[ine-pro|*srs-ie/o-|t=to cut off, weed]], and compares [[sa|सृणी|tr=sr̥ṇī́-|t=sickle]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it in the ''Truculentus''.^(Conte 2010) Cato mentions it too.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a light hoe for loosening the soil and weeding, mentioned by Cato, Varro, Columella and Pliny the Elder;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Pliny says that some peoples plough with hoes, ''sarculis arant''.^(Georges 1913) Horace and Ovid have it in poetry,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) and Apuleius sums up farming as ''in sarculo et surculo'', the hoe and the cutting.^(Georges 1913) The Vulgate uses it in Isaiah.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it also meant a forest clearing.^(Niermeyer 1976) Writers in Britain use it of a hoe or mattock, and a letter of 786 among Alcuin's figuratively of the good farmer's hoe that roots out thorns from sinners' hearts.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Conte 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato mentions it in his work on farming.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it in the ''Odes''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * end of 4th/beginning of 5th century AD – Palladius uses the masculine ''sarculus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 786 – A letter among Alcuin's uses it figuratively.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|hoe]] for loosening the soil and weeding.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A forest [[m|en|clearing]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}