faenerator Latin · revision 34422

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la fēnus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fae̯.nɛˈraː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [fe.neˈraː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''faenerātor''' ''m'' (genitive faenerātōris, feminine faenerātrīx); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''fēnerātor''^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and ''foenerātor''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|faenerō|-tor|t1=to lend at interest]];^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary derives it from the deponent [[m|la|faeneror]].^(Wiktionary) The verb comes from [[m|la|fēnus|t=interest on money]], spelled mostly with ⟨fae-⟩ beside ⟨fē-⟩ and ⟨foe-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*fēnos-]] and, if ⟨fē-⟩ is the original spelling, [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-ne/os-|t=yield]], the same notion as in [[m|la|fēnum|t=hay]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008) meaning a [[m|en|moneylender]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means one who lends money at interest, and often has the bad sense of a usurer: Cato uses it so in the preface to his work on agriculture.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero counts the trade of moneylenders, with that of customs collectors, among the occupations that are disapproved because they incur people's hatred, and calls some ''acerbissimi'', most harsh;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Sallust speaks of the violence and cruelty of moneylenders, and Horace of the moneylender Alphius.^(Georges 1913) Ambrose uses it figuratively, of the lender of a sin.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it is also a creditor.^(Stelten 1995) Bede calls the Creator the one lender to whom people owe the coin of their own salvation, an Old English gloss renders it ''gafolgilda'', and a 12th-century letter speaks of a debt to Jewish and Christian moneylenders.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of the usurer in the preface to his work on agriculture.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero ranks moneylending among the hated trades.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust speaks of the cruelty of moneylenders.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 340–397 AD – Ambrose uses it figuratively.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1174 – A letter of John of Salisbury mentions a debt to Jewish and Christian moneylenders.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|moneylender]], one who lends at [[m|en|interest]]; a [[m|en|usurer]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|creditor]].^(Stelten 1995)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fēnus]]

+ * [[faenerō]]

+ * [[faeneror]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}