praeuro Latin · revision 34406

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la ūrō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prae̯ˈuː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [preˈuː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praeūrō''' (present infinitive praeūrere, perfect active praeussī, supine praeustum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Virgil scans the first syllable short.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prae-|ūrō|t1=before, in front|t2=to burn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The verb [[m|la|ūrō]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*ouse/o-|t=to burn]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁eus-e/o-|t=to burn]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|ओषति|tr=oṣati|t=to burn, scorch]] and [[grc|εὕω|tr=heúō|t=to singe]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest example is in Cato, who tells the farmer to cover a planting with straw in winter so that it is not nipped by the frost;^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) the manuscripts there confuse it with [[perūrō]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to burn at the tip or on the surface,^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) and Lewis and Short note that it is classical but not in Cicero, and frequent in the perfect participle.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Caesar describes stakes sharpened and burnt at the top, ''stipites ab summo praeacuti et praeusti'', and Virgil fighting with fire-hardened stakes, ''sudibusve praeustis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy has a spear tipped with iron or hardened by fire, and Tacitus fire-hardened weapons.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Columella uses it of a scorched vine.^(OLD 2012) Cold was said to burn as well: Livy uses it of frostbitten limbs, and Pliny the Elder of limbs nipped by the snow in crossing the Alps.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of frost damage to a plant.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of stakes burnt at the tip.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil has ''sudibusve praeustis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a fire-hardened spear and of frostbitten limbs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of limbs frostbitten in the Alps.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To burn at the end or on the surface; of weapons, to harden at the point in fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+ # To [[m|en|scorch]], parch.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of cold: to nip at the extremities, [[m|en|frostbite]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ūrō]]

+ * [[perūrō]]

+ * [[adūrō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}