distorqueo Latin · revision 34402

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *torkʷ-eie-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [dɪsˈtɔr.kʷe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [disˈtɔr.kʷe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''distorqueō''' (present infinitive distorquēre, perfect active distorsī, supine distortum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dis-|torqueō|t2=to twist]].^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|torqueō]], a causative verb that goes back to [[itc-pro|*torkʷ-eie-]] and [[ine-pro|*torkʷ-eie-|t=to twist]].^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[sa|तर्कु|tr=tarku-|t=spindle]] and [[txb|tärk-|t=to turn]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and the OLD first find it in Terence,^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) in a line about someone twisting his own face (''os … distorserit'').^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In its first sense it means to [[m|en|twist]] something this way and that: the face, the eyes or the lips, or a mouth wrenched by a laugh in Ovid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Seneca uses it figuratively of twisting words.^(OLD 2012) From twisting the limbs it came to mean to [[m|en|torture]], in Seneca and Suetonius, and to torment the mind with cares;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Petronius has ''cogitatione distorta'' of racking one's brains.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Medieval writers kept the sense of twisting and bending the body and added senses such as turning aside and carrying off.^(MLW) The participle [[distortus]] lies behind English [[m|en|distort]], first recorded in the 1580s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of twisting the face.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of rolling the eyes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–AD 18 – Ovid uses it of a mouth distorted by laughing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–AD 65 – Seneca uses it of torturing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1580s – English [[m|en|distort]] is formed from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|twist]] this way and that, [[m|en|distort]] (the face, eyes, lips).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To twist (words).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make deformed; to [[m|en|torture]], torment.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To trouble or torment the mind;^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) ''cogitatiōnem distorquēre'', to rack one's brains.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[distorsio]]

+ * [[distortiō]]

+ * [[distortus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[attorqueō]]

+ * [[circumtorqueō]]

+ * [[contorqueō]]

+ * [[dētorqueō]]

+ * [[extorqueō]]

+ * [[intorqueō]]

+ * [[obtorqueō]]

+ * [[pertorqueō]]

+ * [[praetorqueō]]

+ * [[retorqueō]]

+ * [[en|distort]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}