exstinctor Latin · revision 34401

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la exstinguō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛks(ː)tiːŋk.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eksˈstiŋk.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exstīnctor''' ''m'' (genitive exstīnctōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|exstinguō|-tor|t1=to put out, extinguish]], an agent noun.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan lists [[m|la|exstinguō]] among the compounds of [[m|la|stinguō]], which he traces to [[ine-pro|*stengʷ-e/o-|t=to push, thrust]]; putting out a fire would then be “pushing it out”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero is its first author,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who says in the speech against Piso that his opponent sat near his house “not as the extinguisher but as the author of the fire” (''non exstinctor sed auctor incendiī'').^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense, one who puts out a fire, is rare; much more often it names one who wipes out or crushes something: Cicero calls a man the destroyer of his country and speaks of the suppressors of the Catilinarian [[m|en|conspiracy]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) Sallust uses it of one who wipes out a family line, and Justin calls Cassander the destroyer of the royal house.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lactantius uses it of a killer, defining a [[m|en|homicide]] as the destroyer of a man, and inscriptions of AD 353 and 389 honour destroyers of [[m|en|tyranny]].^(TLL) Arnobius calls Christ the destroyer of death itself.^(TLL) Medieval writers used it both of one who puts out lights or fires and of a destroyer or conqueror.^(MLW)^(DMLBS) French [[m|fr|extincteur]] and Italian [[m|it|estintore]] were borrowed from it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the one who puts out a fire and of a destroyer of his country.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of one who wipes out a family.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–317 AD – Lactantius uses it of a killer.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 353 and 389 – Inscriptions praise destroyers of tyranny.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # One who [[m|en|extinguish|alt=extinguishes]] a fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|destroyer]], one who wipes out or suppresses something (a country, a conspiracy, a family).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' A killer.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It is also spelled ''extinctor'', the usual spelling in the manuscripts.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}