gravesco Latin · revision 34399

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *gʷreh₂-u-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɡraˈweːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ɡraˈvɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gravēscō''' (present infinitive gravēscere); third conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is an inchoative verb, [[der|la|gravis|t=heavy]], formed with [[m|la|-ēscō]].^(TLL)^(Georges 1913)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|gravis]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*gʷra(w)u-]] and [[ine-pro|*gʷreh₂-u-|t=heavy]].^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[sa|गुरु|tr=gurú-|t=heavy]] and [[grc|βαρύς|tr=barús|t=heavy]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lucretius is its first author:^(de Vaan 2008) he uses it of the force of falling bodies that grows stronger (''impetus ille gravēscit'') and of troubles that grow worse.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is to become heavy or weighed down: Virgil says that the whole grove grows heavy with fruit.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Pliny the Elder uses it of female camels becoming [[m|en|pregnant]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) In Lucretius and Tacitus it means to grow more severe or to [[m|en|worsen]], of misfortune and of the failing health of Augustus.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Ambrose uses it of prayer that loses its worth through sin.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) The MLW records it in medieval writers of an illness growing worse, of weakening, and in music of a voice falling lower in pitch.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of force growing stronger and troubles growing worse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a grove laden with fruit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of camels becoming pregnant.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of the worsening health of Augustus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 340–397 AD – Ambrose uses it of prayer losing its worth.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To become heavy, be weighed down (with fruit).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (of animals) To become [[m|en|pregnant]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To grow stronger;^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) (of troubles, illness) to become grave, [[m|en|worsen]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' To lose worth.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, music)'' To fall in pitch.^(MLW)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}