invigilo Latin · revision 34396

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la vigil}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪnˈwɪ.ɡɪ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iɱˈviː.d͡ʒi.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''invigilō''' (present infinitive invigilāre, perfect active invigilāvī, supine invigilātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|vigilō|t2=to keep awake, watch]].^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) The simple verb is made from [[m|la|vigil|t=awake; watchman]], which de Vaan lists beside [[m|la|vigeō|t=to thrive]] and considers certainly cognate with [[m|la|vegeō|t=to rouse]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Cinna (doubtfully), Cicero and Virgil on;^(TLL) Cicero says in the ''Philippics'' that he had kept watch over the state (''invigilāsse reī pūblicae'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its plain sense is to stay [[m|en|awake]]: Celsus uses it of someone who stays awake a little and then sleeps well, and Ovid of lying awake in suffering.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) With a dative it means to stay up working over something; in a wider sense it means to watch over something with care: Virgil's bees are intent on getting food, Pliny the Younger speaks of watching over the public good and Ulpian of attending to an inheritance.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Cinna uses the participle ''invigilātus'' of poems produced by nightly study by lamplight.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Lactantius uses it of guarding houses.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its participle gave English [[m|en|invigilate]], recorded from the 1550s, which in the late 19th century came to be used of watching over students at examinations.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of watching over the state.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of bees intent on food.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of staying awake.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–317 AD – Lactantius uses it of guarding houses.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1550s – English [[m|en|invigilate]] is formed from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stay [[m|en|awake]]; to stay up working or brooding (over something).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To watch over diligently, be intent on, pay attention to.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|invigilate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}