obumbro Latin · revision 34375

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la umbra}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɔˈbʊm.broː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [oˈbum.bro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obumbrō''' (present infinitive obumbrāre, perfect active obumbrāvī, supine obumbrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ob-|umbrō|t2=to shade]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The simple verb is formed from [[m|la|umbra|t=shade, shadow]], which is generally connected with [[lt|ùnksna|t=shade]]; de Vaan finds the sound changes this requires conceivable, but knows no root etymology.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest examples are in Virgil (70–19 BC), who uses it of darkening the sky with missiles and of a queen's great name that shelters a man.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to cover with shadow or to shade: Ovid has grassy turf shading the wet ground and a grove that shades a temple, Curtius a shaded river, and Columella something shaded from the sun.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of sources of light it means to dim or hide: Seneca has stars hidden by the brightness of the sun and the sun darkened in an eclipse, and Pliny the Elder the sun covered by a cloud and fireflies that shine and go dark.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it means to obscure: Pliny quotes the proverb that wisdom is darkened by wine, and Quintilian says that laboured words obscure the sense.^(OLD 2012) It also means to cover up or disguise, as a pretence in Petronius or baldness in Apuleius, and to screen or protect, as an error that cloaks a crime in Ovid.^(OLD 2012) The Vulgate uses it in the Gospel of Luke,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Old English [[m|ang|ofersceadwian|t=to cast a shadow over]], the source of [[m|en|overshadow]], rendered it in the New Testament.^(Etymonline) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to overshadow, shade or darken.^(Stelten 1995) Old French [[m|fro|obumbrer]] continues it, and English borrowed [[m|en|obumbrate]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of darkening the sky with missiles.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–AD 18 – Ovid uses it of turf and trees giving shade.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–AD 65 – Seneca uses it of stars hidden by the sun.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it of disguising a pretence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it in the Gospel of Luke.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cover with [[m|en|shadow]], darken, [[m|en|overshadow]], [[m|en|shade]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(of sources of light)'' To dim, hide, [[m|en|eclipse]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To darken, [[m|en|obscure]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To cover up, conceal, [[m|en|disguise]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To screen, cloak; to shelter, protect.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[obumbraculum]]

+ * [[obumbrātiō]]

+ * [[obumbratrix]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[umbrō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}