extundo Latin · revision 34368

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la tundō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈstʊn.dɔ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ekˈstun.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''extundō''' (present infinitive extundere, perfect active extudī, supine extūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|tundō|t2=to beat, pound]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) The simple verb goes back to [[itc-pro|*(s)tund-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*(s)tu-n-d-|t=to thrust]], and de Vaan compares [[sa|तुदति|tr=tudáti|t=to thrust, crush]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in the sense of wringing something out of someone: ''prius quam id extudi'', “before I had wrung it out”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that it is mostly poetic and post-Augustan, and not found in Cicero or Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It means to beat or strike, as when Phaedrus’ ass kicks the lion’s forehead, and of a metalworker to hammer out a design in relief, as with the leaping Salii and naked Luperci in Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Virgil also uses it of arts devised little by little with effort, and Celsus of a cough that forces out blood.^(OLD 2012) Nonius glossed it as “extort” and “find out”.^(TLL) Medieval writers used it of breaking pieces off, of striking or coining, and of threshing chaff from grain.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of extorting something.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of hammering out figures in relief and of devising arts.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 15 BC–c. 50 AD – Phaedrus uses it of an ass kicking a lion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of a cough forcing out blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|beat]], strike, [[m|en|hammer]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To hammer out (a design) in metal.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To devise or produce with effort.^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)

+ # To force out; to dispel.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|extort]], wring (a promise or concession) from someone.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To [[m|en|thresh]] out.^(MLW)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}