obligatus Latin · revision 34366

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la ligō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obligātus''' (feminine obligāta, neuter obligātum, comparative obligātior); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle [[der|la|obligō|t=to tie up, oblige]].^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) That verb is a compound of [[m|la|ob-]] and [[m|la|ligō#1|t=to tie]], which de Vaan traces, with a question mark, to [[ine-pro|*liǵ-|t=to tie]], comparing [[sq|lidh|t=to tie]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) meaning under an obligation: ''ne obligati esse videantur'', “so that they may not seem to be under an obligation”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means bound by a moral or legal obligation, beholden: Cicero writes ''obligatus ei nihil eram'', “I was not at all obliged to him”, and Pliny the Younger has the comparative ''obligatior''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) With a genitive it means liable or responsible for something, in a law preserved in an inscription and in Ulpian.^(OLD 2012) Horace uses it of something owed by right, a feast due to Jupiter.^(OLD 2012) In medieval Latin ''obligatus'' was also a noun for a dependant of some class whose nature is unclear.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of people under an obligation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a feast owed to Jupiter.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian uses it of being liable in law.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Under a moral or legal [[m|en|obligation]], [[m|en|obliged]], [[m|en|beholden]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(with genitive)'' [[m|en|liable|alt=Liable]], responsible (for).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Owed by right, [[m|en|due]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, as a noun)'' A dependant of an unclear class.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The glossaries also record a fourth-declension noun ''obligātus, -ūs'' in the sense “obligation”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}