perduro Latin · revision 34365

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la dūrus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈduː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈduː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perdūrō''' (present infinitive perdūrāre, perfect active perdūrāvī, supine perdūrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|dūrō|t2=to harden; to last]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) The simple verb is formed from [[m|la|dūrus|t=hard]], and de Vaan explains its sense “endure, last” as grown out of “be hard”.^(de Vaan 2008) He traces the adjective to [[ine-pro|*du(e)h₂-ro-|t=far, long]], cognate with [[sa|दूर|tr=dūrá-|t=far, distant]] and [[grc|δηρός|tr=dērós|t=long]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in the sense of holding out: ''quin tu aliquot dies perdura'', “why not hold out for a few days?”^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Terence and Seneca use it of holding out or bearing up,^(Conte 2010)^(Georges 1913) and Suetonius has ''perdurare non posse'', not being able to hold out.^(Lewis & Short 1879) From Vitruvius on it also means to last, persist or survive, and Seneca uses it of an unborn child lasting until birth.^(OLD 2012) The TLL finds it only here and there in classical writers and rather more often in later ones such as Rufinus.^(TLL) Prudentius uses it transitively, of hardening tender soles,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) and the Vulgate of continuing daily with one mind in the temple;^(Georges 1913) Ecclesiastical Latin uses it for enduring, lasting a long time and abiding.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of holding out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of holding out with someone.^(Conte 2010)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of fish surviving in water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius has ''perdurare non posse''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 348/49–c. 413 AD – Prudentius uses it transitively, “to harden”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of continuing in the temple.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To continue in existence, [[m|en|persist]], [[m|en|last]], [[m|en|endure]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To continue right through (a period).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To hold out, bear up to the end.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Late Latin, transitive)'' To make hard, [[m|en|harden]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}