inhospitalis Latin · revision 34356

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la hospes}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪ.nɔs.pɪˈtaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [i.nos.piˈtaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inhospitālis''' (neuter inhospitāle, adverb inhospitāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|hospitālis|t2=relating to guests, hospitable]], with the negative prefix.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The adjective is formed from [[m|la|hospes|t=guest, host]], which de Vaan explains as a compound of [[m|la|hostis]] and the root of [[m|la|potis|t=able]], going back to [[itc-pro|*χostipot-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it from Varro on,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Menippean Satires'' speaks of the inhospitable wastes of the Scythians, ''inhospitalis Scytharum vastitas''.^(Georges 1913)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is used mostly of places that give no shelter: Horace's Caucasus,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) the Pontus,^(Georges 1913) the Syrtes,^(Georges 1913) a shore in Pliny the Younger and a kingdom in Seneca.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder writes that the Black Sea was once called ''Axenos'' from its ''inhospitalis feritas'', its savagery towards strangers,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and applies the word to the hardness of a tree that will not take a graft.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tertullian has the adverb ''inhospitaliter'', “inhospitably”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Medieval British writers use it of unwelcoming lodgings and regions.^(DMLBS) It survives as [[it|inospitale]].^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the wastes of Scythia.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of the Caucasus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of the Black Sea and of a tree that rejects grafting.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian uses the adverb ''inhospitaliter''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(of places)'' Giving no shelter, [[m|en|inhospitable]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Violating the law of [[m|en|hospitality]].^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(of a tree)'' Not accepting a [[m|en|graft]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|unwelcoming|alt=Unwelcoming]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inhospitālitās]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}