unus Latin · revision 3435

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *Hoi-no-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈuː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈuː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ūnus''' (feminine ūna, neuter ūnum); first/second-declension adjective (pronominal declension)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*oino-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*Hoi-no-|t=one]].^(de Vaan 2008) Old Latin had [[m|la|oinos]], found in the epitaph of a Scipio, and Proto-Italic /oi/ became /ū/.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The pronouns [[ullus|alt=ūllus]] “any” and [[nullus|alt=nūllus]] “no” were formed from it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[sga|óen|t=one]], [[cy|un|t=one]], [[grc|οἰνή|tr=oinḗ|t=the one on a die]], [[lt|víenas|t=one]], [[got|𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃|tr=ains|t=one]] and [[en|one]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The Slavic forms point to a variant *H(o)iH-no-.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in the Laws of the Twelve Tables (c. 450 BC) and in the old epitaphs of the Scipios.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic sense was “one, a single”, as in Plautus' “I took the spoils with one blow”.^(OLD 2012) From this came “one and the same”, “one single whole”, “the only, alone” and “one above all others”, as in Ennius' line on Fabius, “one man restored the state by delaying”.^(OLD 2012) With a genitive it meant “one of a number”, and it also meant “a certain, someone”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it served as the indefinite article “a, an”, which it became in the Romance languages: Italian ''uno'', French and Spanish ''un'', Portuguese ''um''.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary) English ''union'', ''unique'' and ''unit'' come from its derivatives.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a single blow and an only daughter.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius writes of Fabius, “one man who restored the state by delaying”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Middle Ages – It is used as an indefinite article.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+ * early 15th century – English ''union'' comes from its derivative ''unio''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|One]], a single.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(with a negative)'' Even one, a single.^(OLD 2012)

+ # One and the same, common to all.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''in unum'': together, into one.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Forming a single whole.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Only, sole; alone.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # One above all others, especially.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with a genitive or preposition)'' One (of several).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A certain, ''(as a noun)'' someone.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A, an (indefinite article).^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[oenigenus]]

+ * [[ūniō]]

+ * [[ūnanimans]]

+ * [[ūnanimis]]

+ * [[ūnanimus]]

+ * [[undēnī]]

+ * [[ūnicalamus]]

+ * [[ūnicaulis]]

+ * [[ūnicolor]]

+ * [[ūnicornis]]

+ * [[ūnicornuus]]

+ * [[unicorporeus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|one]]

+ * [[en|union]]

+ * [[en|unique]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}